Which anatomical structure is known to connect the right and left ventricles?

The anatomical structure that connects the right and left ventricles is the interventricular septum. This septum is a muscular wall that divides the heart's lower chambers, preventing the mixing of oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle with oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle.

The interventricular septum is crucial for effective heart function because it maintains the separate pressure zones necessary for efficient circulation. It also provides structural support for the heart and helps the muscle fibers contract in a coordinated manner during the cardiac cycle.

Understanding the role of the interventricular septum is essential for grasping how the heart functions as a dual pump—delivering oxygenated blood to the body while simultaneously receiving deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation. In contrast, the other options listed are not structures that connect the ventricles: the coronary sinus is involved in venous drainage from the heart, the azygos vein drains blood from the thoracic wall into the superior vena cava, and the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.